Glossary

L.I.

Liner Inward

L.I.O.

Liner In and Out

L.O.A.

Length Overall

L/C

Letter of Credit

L/C

Letter Of Credit

L/D

Load / Discharge Borkers term : average load/discharge rate per day, in tons. (L/D 6000/3000). Usually followed by more details about the method of counting the days.

L/G

Letter of Guarantee

L/T

Long tons (2,240 lbs.).

LA

Lifting Appliance

Label Cargo

Cargo, including all commodities, requiring a label according to the provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.

Lading

The cargo carried in a transportation vehicle.

Laid-Down cost

The sum of the product and transportation costs. The laid-down cost is useful in comparing the total cost of a product shipped from different supply sources to a customer's point of use.

LAMP

Large Amplitude Motions and Loads

LAN

See Local Area Network.

LAN

Local Area Networking

LAN

Local Area Network

LANBY

Large Automatic Navigation Buoy

Land bridge

The movement of containers by ship-rail-ship on Japan-to-Europe moves; ships move containers to the U.S. Pacific Coast, rails move containers to an East Coast port, and ships deliver containers to Europe.

Land Grants

Grants of land given to railroads to build tracks during their development stage.

Landed Cost

Cost of product plus relevant logistics costs, such as transportation, warehousing, handling, etc. Also called Total Landed Cost of Net Landed Costs.

LASA

Latin America Shipowners' Association

LASH

Ligther Aboard Ship

Lash Barges

Covered barges that carriers load on board oceangoing ships for movement to foreign destinations.

LASH Vessel

A ship measuring at least 820 feet long with a deck crane able to load and unload barges through a stern section that projects over the water. The acronym LASH stands for Lighter (barge) Aboard Ship.

Last In First Out (LIFO)

In inventory control and financial accounting, this refers to the practice of using stock from inventory on the basis of what was received last is consumed first. This has limited use in stock keeping and is primarily a cost-accounting method.

Last In, First Out

Accounting method of valuing inventory that assumes latest goods purchased are first goods used during accounting period.

Last Updated

A date and time stamp that is recorded when a field or record was last modified by the user.

LAT

Latitude

LAT

Latitude

Latent Defect

A flaw, defect or condition not observable at the initial inspection but obviously occurring over a period of time.

LAWS

Legal Automated Workstation System

LBP

Length Between Perpendiculars

LBR

Liberian (Flag)

LBS

Lifeboat stations

LC

see Letter of Credit

LCAC

Landing Craft Air Cushion

LCL

See Less-Than-Carload and Less-Than-Containerload.

LCL

Less (than) container Load

LCL

Less than Container Load

LDGINST

Loading Instrument

LDGMANUAL

Loading Manual

LDI

see Logistics Data Interchange

LDRS

Legal Document Research System

LDT

Light Displacement Ton

Lead Logistics Partner

An organization that organizes other 3rd party logistics partners for outsourcing of logistics functions. Also see: Fourth Party Logistics

Lead Logistics Provider

The logistics provider is the integrator for multiple carriers and other Third Party Logistics Providers for a customer. The LLP has the technology that brings the parties together for a customer and will also performing part of the service.

Lead Time

The total time that elapses between an order's placement and its receipt. It includes the time required for order transmittal, order processing, order preparation, and transit.

Lead Time from Complete Manufacture to Customer Re

Includes time from when an order is ready for shipment to customer receipt of order. Time from complete manufacture to customer receipt including the following elements: pick/pack time, prepare for shipment, total transit time (all components to consolidation point), consolidation, queue time, and additional transit time to customer receipt.

Lead Time from Order Receipt to Complete Manufactu

Includes times from order receipt to order entry complete, from order entry complete to start to build, and from start to build to ready for shipment. Time from order receipt to order entry complete includes the following elements: order revalidation, configuration check, credit check, and scheduling. Time from order entry complete to start to build includes the following elements: customer wait time and engineering and design time. Time from start to build to ready for shipment includes the following elements: release to manufacturing or distribution, order configuration verification, production scheduling, and build or configure time.

Lease Agreement

A contract to make periodic payments for the use of a property for a certain length of time. Such rentals may include additional variable user costs which cannot be predetermined such as cost per copy when leasing copiers.

Lease Purchase Agreement

An agreement whereby the periodic payments may also be applied as installments toward ownership of a property if the leaser decides to assume the option to own. Such options may be stated as a purchase option or a conditional sales contract.

Least Total Cost

A dynamic lot-sizing technique that calculates the order quantity by comparing the setup (or ordering) costs and the carrying cost for various lot sizes and selects the lot size where these costs are most nearly equal. Also see: Discrete Order Quantity, Dynamic Lot Sizing

Least Unit Cost

A dynamic lot-sizing technique that adds ordering cost and inventory carrying cost for each trial lot size and divides by the number of units in the lot size, picking the lot size with the lowest unit cost. Also see: Discrete Order Quantity, Dynamic Lot Sizing

LEDGER

EDIFACT Ledger message

Leg

A leg has an origin, destination, and carrier and is composed of all consecutive segments of a route booked through the same carrier. Also called Bookable Leg.

Legal Notice

Advertising in newspapers or other legally acceptable publications. May include public posting of an intent to award a contract.

LEIS

Law Enforcement Information System

LEL

Lower explosive limit (lower flammable limit)

LEM

Lower explosive mixture

LES

Land Earth Station

LESO

Land Earth Station Operator

Less-Than-Carload

Shipment that is less than a complete rail car load .

Less-Than-Carload (LCL)

Shipment that is less than a complete rail car load (lot shipment) .

Less-Than-Container Load

Common term for an amount of goods to be shipped and which do not fill an entire container. Ocean rates for LCL are commonly higher on a per-unit basis than for a full container load. Thus, consolidation of several LCL loads from different places or shippers into a full container can save on costs.

Less-Than-Containerload (LCL)

A term used when goods do not completely occupy an entire container. When many shipper's goods occupy a single container, each shipper's shipment is considered to be LCL.

Less-Than-Trailer Load

‘See ”Less Than Container Load” .’

Less-Than-Truckload

Freight from several shippers loaded onto an individual trailer. The shipment is based upon a separate rate than truckload rate. Less-than-Truckload is in contrast to Truckload , which is only one shipment from one shipper that is loaded on a tractor-trailer.

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL)

Trucking companies that consolidate and transport smaller (less than truckload) shipments of freight by utilizing a network of terminals and relay points.

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) Carriers

Trucking companies that consolidate and transport smaller (less than truckload) shipments of freight utilizing a network of terminals and relay points.

Lessee

A person or firm to whom a lessor grants a lease.

Lessor

A person or firm that grants a lease.

Let Down

Handling a unitized load from its position in the stack or storage rack down to a location where partial withdrawals can be made.

Letter of Credit

Letter of agreement issued by a bank stating a foreign purchaser has established a line of credit in a seller’s favour, and confirming that payment for goods will be made upon presentation of certain documents which are in agreement with terms on the letter of credit. 2. A letter addressed by a banker to a correspondent certifying that a person named therein is entitled to draw on him or his credit up to a certain sum. 3. A letter addressed by a banker to a person, to whom credit is given, authorising him to draw on the issuing bank or on a bank in his country up to a certain sum and guaranteeing to accept the drafts if duly made, also called commercial letter of credit, confirmed credit or confirmed letter of credit. 4. Letters of credit may take various forms, represent various undertakings for various purposes and be subject to different conditions.

Letter of credit

An international business document that assures the seller that payment will be made by the bank issuing the letter of credit upon fulfillment of the sales agreement.

Letter of Credit (LOC) :

A method of payment for goods in which the buyer established his credit with a local bank, clearly describing the goods to be purchased, the price, the documentation required, and a time limit for completion of the transaction. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank is either paid by the buyer or takes title to the goods themselves and proceeds to transfer funds to the seller.

LEV

Level (LEVL)

Leverage

Taking something small and exploding it. Leverage can be financial or technological.

LGC

Liquefied Gas Carrier

LHG

Liquefied Hazardous Gas

LHWCA

Longshore and Harbor Workers Compensation Act

LI

Loading Instrument

Liability

Maximum amount for which a carrier is normally responsible in connection with loss or damage of cargo while in transit or storage.

Liability and Fire Insurance

Actual cost of insurance coverage for the warehouse and warehouse functions.

LIBOR

London Interbank Offered Rate

License

A permission granted by government to a person or to business owners to participate in a particular type of enterprise. Such enterprises which would be regulated by law.

License Plate

A bar code identifying a pallet or quantity of product.

Life Cycle Cost

In cost account, a product's life cycle is the period that starts with the initial product conceptualization and ends with the withdrawal of the product from the marketplace and final disposition. A product life cycle is characterized by certain defined stages, including research, development, introduction, maturity, decline, and abandonment. Life cycle cost is the accumulated costs incurred by a product during these stages.

Life Cycle Costing

The total cost of owning a property for a designated period of time. The time period is usually based upon need or the expected life of the property. This is a purchasing method that takes into account all expenses of ownership such as: Purchase price, maintenance, operating costs and remaining value at the end of ownership.

LIFO

See Last In First Out.

LIFO

Liner In Free Out

Lift on, Lift off (LO/LO)

A method by which cargo is loaded onto and unloaded from an ocean vessel, which in this case is with a crane.

Lift truck

Vehicles used to lift, move, stack, rack, or otherwise manipulate loads. Material handling people use a lot of terms to describe lift trucks, some terms describe specific types of vehicles, others are slang terms or trade names that people often mistakenly use to describe trucks. Terms include industrial truck, forklift, reach truck, motorized pallet trucks, turret trucks, counterbalanced forklift, walkie, rider, walkie rider, walkie stacker, straddle lift, side loader, order pickers, high lift, cherry picker, Jeep, Towmotor, Yale, Crown, Hyster, Raymond, Clark, Drexel.

Lift Van

A wooden or plywood container used mainly on overseas removals. Built specifically to transport household goods.

Lift-Gate

Power lift on the rear of a trailer or straight van used to move heavy objects to or from a trailer’s level floor.

Lighter

A flat-bottomed boat designed for cross-harbor or inland waterway freight transfer.

Lighter:

A barge-type vessel used to carry cargo between shore and cargo ship. While the terms barge and lighter are used interchangeably, a barge usually refers to a vessel used for a long haul, while a lighter is used for a short haul.

Lighterage

The cost of loading or unloading a vessel by means of barges.

LILO

Last-in, Last-out

Line

(1) A specific physical space for the manufacture of a product that in a flow shop layout is represented by a straight line. In actuality, this may be a series of pieces of equipment connected by piping or conveyor systems.(2) A type of manufacturing process used to produce a narrow range of standard items with identical or highly similar designs. Production volumes are high, production and material handling equipment is specialized, and all products typically pass through the same sequence of operations. Also see: Assembly Line

Line Functions

The decision-making areas companies associate with daily operations. Logistics line functions include traffic management, inventory control, order processing, warehousing, and packaging.

Line Haul

Marine portion of a vessel’s route covering the greatest distance, usually across an ocean (e.g. Singapore-Los Angeles).

Line Item

A specific and unique identifier assigned to a product by the responsible enterprise.

Line Scrap

Value of raw materials and work-in-process inventory scrapped as a result of improper processing or assembly, as a percentage of total value of production at standard cost.

Line-Haul

‘Basic transportation charges for moving freight. Excludes ”accessorial”, pickup and delivery charges. ‘

Line-Haul Shipment

A shipment that moves between cities and over distances more than 100 to 150 miles in length.

Liner Service

International water carriers that ply fixed routes on published schedules.

Link

The transportation method a company uses to connect nodes (plants, warehouses) in a logistics system.

Linked Distributed Systems

Independent computer systems owned by independent organizations linked in a manner to allow direct updates to be made to one system by another. For example, a customer's computer system is linked to a supplier's system and the customer can create orders or releases directly in the supplier's system.

Little Inch

A federally built pipeline constructed during World War II that connected Corpus Christi and Houston, Texas.

Live

A situation in which the equipment operator stays with the trailer or boxcar while it is being loaded or unloaded.

LLP

See Lead Logistics Partner.

LNG

Liquefied Natural Gas

LNG Carrier

Liquified Natural Gas Carrier.

Lo-Lo

ship Lift-on Lift-off ship

LO/LO

See Lift on, Lift off.

LOA

Length Overall of the Vessel

Load Date Spread

Agreed-upon period within which pickup of a shipment is to take place.

Load Factor

A measure of operating efficiency used by air carriers to determine a plane's utilized capacity percentage or the number of passengers divided by the total number of seats.

Load Tender (Pick-Up Request)

An offer of cargo for transport by a shipper. Load tender terminology is primarily used in the motor industry.

Load Tendering

The practice of providing a carrier with detailed information and negotiated pricing (the tender) prior to scheduling pickup. This practice can help assure contract compliance and facilitate automated payments (self billing) .

Loading Allowance

A reduced rate that carriers offer to shippers and/or consignees who load and/or unload LTL or Any Quantity shipments.

Loading Area

The surface or plane on which a course is laid. The surface may be the floor or a pallet. When the loading area used is a pallet or platform, the plane may be larger than the pallet or platform surface. For example, a pallet surface measuring 48 x 40 inches may carry a load measuring 49 x 41 inches. In this case, the loading area is considered to be the plane.

Loading Area Efficiency

The percentage of the prescribed loading area occupied by the containers in the first course.

Loading Port

The port where the cargo is loaded onto the exporting vessel. This port must be reported on the Shipper's Export Declaration, Schedule D. Schedule D is used by U.S. companies when exporting to determine which tariff is used to freight rate the cargo for carriers with more than one tariff.

LOC

See Letter of Credit.

Local Area Network

A data communications network spanning a limited geographical area, usually a few miles at most, providing communications between computers and peripheral devices.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A data communications network spanning a limited geographical area, usually a few miles at most, providing communications between computers and peripheral devices.

Local Delivery

Movement of product from warehouse facility to the final destination.

Local Pick-Up

Movement of product from origin to a warehouse facility.

Local Rate

A rate published between two points served by one carrier.

Local Service Carriers

A classification of air carriers that operate between less-populated areas and major population centers. These carriers feed passengers into the major cities to connect with major carriers. Local service carriers are now classified as national carriers.

Localized Raw Material

A raw material found only in certain locations.

Locational Determinant

The factors that determine a facility's location. For industrial facilities, the determinants include logistics.

Locator System

A record which shows the exact location of supplies within a storage activity.

Logbook

A daily record of the hours an interstate driver spends driving, off duty, sleeping in the berth, or on duty but not driving.

Logistic Straps

Nylon straps used to tie off tiers in a trailer.

Logistic Track

Metal track inside a trailer onto which logistic straps are hooked.

Logistics

The process of planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. This definition includes inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements. Also see the Council of Logistics Management's definition of Logistics.

Logistics Channel

The network of supply chain participants engaged in storage, handling, transfer, transportation, and communications functions that contribute to the efficient flow of goods.

Logistics Costs:

The factors associated with the acquisition, storage, movement, and disposition of goods.

Logistics Data Interchange

An integrated computerized system that electronically transmits logistics information computer to computer.

Logistics Data Interchange (LDI) :

A computerized system that electronically transmits logistics information.

Logistics Management as defined by the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP)

Logistics management is that part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements. Logistics management activities typically include inbound and outbound transportation management, fleet management, warehousing, materials handling, order fulfillment, logistics network design, inventory management, supply/demand planning and management of third party logistics services providers. To varying degrees, the logistics function also includes sourcing and procurement, production planning and scheduling, packaging and assembly, and customer service. It is involved in all levels of planning and execution - strategic, operational, and tactical. Logistics management is an integrating function which coordinates and optimizes all logistics activities with other functions, including marketing, sales, manufacturing, finance, and information technology.

Long Ton

2,240 pounds.

Longshoreman

Worker who loads and unloads a ship. Terminal operator who is designed to facilitate the operation of loading and discharging vessels, as well as other terminal activities.

Lot

A stock keeping unit that must be stored apart from other like stock keeping units. Multiple lots of the same stock keeping unit produce excessive honeycombing of the storage space unless the lots are large. One of the hidden costs of warehousing.

Lot Control

A set of procedures (e.g., assigning unique batch numbers and tracing each batch) used to maintain lot integrity from raw materials, from the supplier through manufacturing to consumers.

Lot Number

See Batch Number

Lot Size

The quantity of goods a company purchases or produces in anticipation of use or sale in the future.

Lot Sized System

See Fixed Reorder Quantity Inventory Model

Lot-for-Lot

A lot-sizing technique that generates planned orders in quantities equal to the net requirements in each period. Also see: Discrete Order Quantity

LPG

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

LREACT

EDIFACT Life reinsurance activity message

LRECLM

EDIFACT Life reinsurance claims message

LT

(Lead Time) Time between placing and receiving an order

LT

Long Ton.1 Long Ton = 2,240 lbs

LTL

Less-than-truckload

LTL shipment

A less-than-truckload shipment, one weighing less than the minimum weight a company needs to use the lower truckload rate.

Lumping

When a driver assists with loading and unloading the trailer contents.

Lumpy demand

See Discontinuous Demand

LUST

Leaking, Underground.

LV

Last Visit

LVA

Latvia(flag).

LW

Low Water

LW

Long Water

LWONT

Low Water Ordinary Near Tides.

LYCN

Laycan (Layday Cancelling Date)

LYCN

Laycan (Layday Canceling Date)