Glossary

D&O

Directors And Officers (Insurance Policy)

D.G.

Dangerous Goods

d.p.p.

Dirty Petroleum Products

D/A

Document Against Acceptance

D/O

Delivery Order

D/P

Document Against Payment

D/R

Dock Receipt

DA

Double Acting.

DAF

Delivery at Frontier

DAF

Delivered At Frontier Cargo

DAM

Damage

DAMFORDET

Damages for Detention

DAMFORDET

Damages for Detention

Dangerous Goods
Articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property, and that ordinarily require special attention when transported. See also Hazardous Goods.

DAPS

Days All Purposes

DAPS

Days All Purposes

Dashboard
A performance measurement tool used to capture a summary of the key performance indicators/metrics of a company. Metrics dashboards/scorecards should be easy to read and usually have red, yellow, green indicators to flag when the company is not meeting its metrics targets. Ideally, a dashboard/scoreboard should be cross functional in nature and include both financial and non-financial measures. In addition, scorecards should be reviewed regularly - at least on a monthly basis, and weekly in key functions such as manufacturing and distribution where activities are critical to the success of a company. The dashboards/scorecards philosophy can also be applied to external supply chain partners like suppliers to ensure that their objectives and practices align. Synonym: Scorecard.

Data Communications
The electronic transmission of data, usually in computer readable form, using a variety of transmission vehicles and paths.

Data Dictionary
Lists the data elements for which standards exist. The Joint Electronic Document Interchange (JEDI) committee developed a data dictionary that is employed by many EDI users.

Data Interchange Standards Association
The secretariat, which provides clerical and administrative support to the ASC X12 Committee.

Data Interchange Standards Association (DISA)
The secretariat which provides clerical and administrative support to the ASC X12 Committee.

Data Migration/Relocation
A migration or relocation event involves either the physical or electronic relocation of data or electronic media from one location to another.

Data Mining
The process of studying data to search for previously unknown relationships. This knowledge is then applied to achieving specific business goals.

Data Warehouse
A repository of data that has been specially prepared to support decision-making applications. Synonym: Decision-Support Data.

Database
Data stored in computer-readable form, usually indexed or sorted in a logical order by which users can find a particular item of data they need.

Date Code
A label on products with the date of production. In food industries, it's often an integral part of the lot number.

Days of Supply
Measure of quantity of inventory on hand in relation to number of days for which usage will be covered. For example, if a component is consumed in manufacturing at the rate of 100 per day and there are 1,585 units available on hand, this represents 15.85 days' supply.

Days Sales Outstanding
Measurement of the average collection period (time from invoicing to cash receipt). Calculation: [5 Point Annual Gross Accounts Receivables] / [Total Annual Sales / 365]

DB

Double-Bottom

DBB

Deals,battens an Boards.

DBH

Destroyed By Hurricane

DBR
see Drum-Buffer-Rope

DBS

Destroyed by Storm.

DC
See Distribution Center

DD

Dry-Docking

DDC

Destination Delivery Charge

DDP

Delivered Duty Paid

DDP
see Delivered Duty Paid

DDP

Delivered Duty Paid

DDU

Delivered Duty Unpaid

DDU
see Delivered Duty Unpaid

DDU

Delivered Duty Unpaid

DE

Subcommittee on ship Design and Equipment.(IMO)

De-Installation
Providing a service by professional management teams to pickup, pack, inspect, repair, redeployment, sales and disposal.

Dead on Arrival
A term used to describe products which are not functional when delivered. Synonym: Defective.

Dead on Arrival (DOA)
A term used to describe products which are not functional when delivered. Synonym: Defective.

Deadhead
The return of an empty transportation container to its point of origin. See Backhauling.

Deadweight
The maximum carrying capacity of a ship, expressed in tons of cargo, including provisions and fuel. The vessel’s capacity for cargo is less than its total deadweight tonnage.

Deadweight Tons (DWT)
The cargo carrying capacity of a vesel, including fuel oil, stores and provisions.

DEBADV

EDIFACT Debit advice message

DEBMUL

EDIFACT Multiple debit advice message

DEBREC

EDIFACT Debts recovery message

Decentralized Authority
A situation in which a company management gives decision-making authority to managers at many organizational levels.

Decision Support System
Software that speeds access and simplifies data analysis, queries, etc. within a database management system.

Decision Support System (DSS)
Software that speeds access and simplifies data analysis, queries, etc.

Decking
Second level that can be used inside of a trailer, allowing for additional tonnage onto the trailer.

Declaration of Dangerous Goods
To comply with the U.S. regulations, exporters are required to provide special notices to inland and ocean transport companies when goods are hazardous.

Declared Value
Tariff provisions providing for the assumed value of a shipment (unless the shipper declares a higher value). An additional fee will apply if declared at a higher value.

Declared Value for Carriage
The value of the goods, declared by the shipper on a bill of lading, for the purpose of determining a freight rate or the limit of the carrier's liability.

Decomposition
A method of forecasting where time series data are separated into up to three components: trend, seasonal, and cyclical, where trend includes the general horizontal upward or downward movement over time, seasonal includes a recurring demand pattern such as day of the week, weekly, monthly, or quarterly, and cyclical includes any repeating, non-seasonal pattern. A fourth component is random, that is, data with no pattern. The new forecast is made by projecting the patterns individually determined and then combining them.

Deconsolidator
An enterprise that provides services to un-group shipments, orders, goods, etc., to facilitate distribution.

Dedicated carrier
A carrier that is hired on a contractual basis.

Dedicated Contract Carriage
A third party service that dedicates equipment (vehicles) and drivers to a single customer for its exclusive use on a contractual basis.

Default
Non-Compliance of a firm to provide goods or services according to contractual terms.

Defect
A regularity or non conformity which is not allowable by specifications.

Defective goods inventory
Those items that have been returned, have been delivered damaged and have a freight claim outstanding, or have been damaged in some way during warehouse handling.

Defective goods inventory (DGI)
Those items that have been returned, have been delivered damaged and have a freight claim outstanding, or have been damaged in some way during warehouse handling.

Degradable (As bio-degradable)
A product which will undergo a process of deterioration. The degrading process of bio-degradable items must be a deterioration unaided by the addition of chemicals or application of other destruction measures.

Deinking
A process of removing ink or toner from printing and writing papers in order to reprocess and recycle.

DELFOR

EDIFACT Delivery schedule message

Delimiters
(1) ASCII, characters which are used to separate data elements within a data stream.(2) EDI, two levels of separators and a terminator that are integrals part of a transferred data stream. Delimiters are specified in the interchange header. From highest to lowest level, the separators and terminator are segment terminator, data element separator, and component element separator (used only in EDIFACT).

Delivered at Frontier
Incoterm. Title, risk and responsibility for import clearance pass to buyer when delivered to named border point by seller. Used for any mode of transportation.

Delivered Duty Paid
Incoterm. Title and risk pass to buyer when seller delivers goods to named destination point cleared for import. Used for any mode of transportation.

Delivered Duty Unpaid
Incoterm. Title, risk and responsibility of import clearance pass to buyer when seller delivers goods to named destination point. Used for any mode of transportation. Buyer is obligated for import clearance.

Delivered Ex Quay
Incoterm. Title and risk pass to buyer when delivered on board the ship at the destination point by the seller who delivers goods on dock at destination point cleared for import. Used for sea or inland waterway transportation.

Delivered Ex Ship
Incoterm. Title, risk, responsibility for vessel discharge and import clearance pass to buyer when seller delivers goods on board the ship to destination port. Used for sea or inland waterway transportation.

Deliveries, small
Some methods, - such as just-in-time and agile and direct deliveries - inevitably lead to smaller, more frequent deliveries. This suggests some movement away from large trucks and into smaller delivery vehicles, which are inherently less efficient. However, it has spurred the growth of parcel delivery such as FedEx, UPS and DHL - and it has encouraged operators to look for efficiencies, such as round-the clock deliveries to unattended destinations, better planning of deliveries, and higher vehicle utilization.

Delivery
(1) The physical and legal transfer of a shipment from consignor to carrier and from carrier/ transport agent to consignee. (2) The act of putting property into the legal possession of another, whether involving the actual transfer of the physical control of the object from one to the other or being constructively effected in various other ways.

Delivery Appointment
The time agreed upon between two enterprises for goods or transportation equipment to arrive at a selected location.

Delivery Date Spread
Range of agreed-upon delivery dates. Shipment can arrive on any of these dates and meet the contractual agreement between a shipper and a carrier.

Delivery Instructions
A document issued to a carrier to pick up goods at a location anddeliver them to another location. See also Delivery Order

Delivery Order
A document issued by the customs broker to the ocean carrier as authority to release the cargo to the appropriate party.

Delivery Performance to Commit Date
The percentage of orders that are fulfilled on o before the internal commit date, used as a measure of internal scheduling systems effectiveness. Delivery measurements are based on the date a complete order is shipped or the ship-to date of a complete order. A complete order has all items on the order delivered in the quantities requested. An order must be complete to be considered fulfilled. Multiple-line items on a single order with different planned delivery dates constitute multiple orders, and multiple-planned delivery dates on a single line item also constitute multiple orders.Calculation: [Total number of orders delivered in full and on time to the scheduled commit date]/[Total number of orders delivered]

Delivery Performance to Request Date
The percentage of orders that are fulfilled on or before the customer's requested date used as a measure of responsiveness to market demand. Delivery measurements are based on the date a complete order is shipped or the ship-to date of a complete order. A complete order must be complete to be considered fulfilled. Multiple line items on a single order with different planned delivery dates constitute multiple orders, and multiple planned delivery dates on a single line item also constitute multiple orders.Calculation: [Total number of orders delivered in full and on time to the customer's request date]/[Total number of orders delivered]

Delivery Terms
A contractual designation of location of delivery, the time of delivery and shipping costs.

Delivery Ticket
Documentation signed at the job site confirming receipt of product or service.

Delivery Time
The time during the day and for the days of the week, during which the receiving unit will spot and unload trucks and rail cars.

Delivery-Duty-Paid
Supplier/manufacturer arrangement in which suppliers are responsible for the transport of the goods they've produced, which are being sent to a manufacturer. This responsibility includes tasks such as ensuring that products get through Customs.

DELJIT

EDIFACT Delivery just in time message

Delphi Method
A qualitative forecasting technique where the opinions of experts are combined in a series of iterations. The results of each iteration are used to develop the next, so that convergence of the experts’ opinions is obtained.

Delta Nu Alpha
A professional association of transportation and traffic practitioners.

DEM

Demurrage

DEM

Demolished

Demand Chain
Another name for the supply chain, with emphasis on customer or end-user demand pulling materials and product through the chain.

Demand Chain Management
The same as supply chain management, but with an emphasis on consumer pull versus supplier push.

Demand Creation
The process of creating demand for a company’s products or services by utilizing various marketing and selling channels and approaches, including the Internet.

Demand Management
The function of recognizing all demands for goods and services to support the marketplace. It involves doing what is required to help make the demand happen and prioritizing demand when supply is lacking. Proper demand management facilitates the planning and use of resources for profitable business results. It encompasses the activities of forecasting, order entry, order promising, and determining branch warehouse requirements, interplant orders, and service parts requirements.

Demand Planning
The process of identifying, aggregating, and prioritizing, all sources of demand for the integrated supply chain of a product or service at the appropriate level, horizon and interval. The sales forecast is comprised of the following concepts: (1) The sales forecasting level is the focal point in the corporate hierarchy where the forecast is needed at the most generic level, i.e. Corporate forecast, Divisional forecast, Product Line forecast, SKU, SKU by Location. (2) The sales forecasting time horizon generally coincides with the time frame of the plan for which it was developed, i.e. Annual, 1-5 years, 1- 6 months, Daily, Weekly, Monthly. (3) The sales forecasting time interval generally coincides with how often the plan is updated, i.e. Daily, Weekly, Monthly, and Quarterly.

Demand Planning Systems
The systems that assist in the process of identifying, aggregating, and prioritizing all sources of demand for the integrated supply chain of a product of service at the appropriate level, horizon, and interval.

Demand Pull
The triggering of material movement to a work center only when that work center is ready to begin the next job. In effect, it eliminates the queue from in from of a work center, but it can cause a queue at the end of a previous work center.

Demand Side Analysis
Techniques such as market research, surveys, focus groups, and performance/cost modeling used to identify emerging technologies.

Demand Signal
A signal from a consumer, customer or using operation that triggers the issue of product or raw material.

Demand Supply Balancing
The process of identifying and measuring the gaps and imbalances between demand and resources in order to determine how to best resolve the variances through marketing, pricing, packaging, warehousing, outsource plans, or some other action that will optimize service, flexibility, costs, assets, (or other supply chain inconsistencies) in an iterative and collaborative environment.

Demand Time Fence
(1) That point in time inside of which the forecast is no longer included in total demand and projected available inventory calculations, inside this point, only customer orders are considered. Beyond this point, total demand is a combination of actual orders and forecasts, depending on the forecast consumption technique chosen.(2) In some contexts, the demand time fence may correspond to that point in the future inside which changes to the master schedule must be approved by an authority higher than the master scheduler. Note, however, that customer orders may still be promised inside the demand time fence without higher authority approval if there are quantities available-to-promise (ATP). Beyond the demand time fence, the master scheduler may change the MPS within the limits of established rescheduling rules, without the approval of higher authority. See: planning time fence, time fence.

Demand-Side Analysis
Techniques such as market research, surveys, focus groups, and performance/cost modeling used to identify emerging technologies.

Deming Circle
The concept of a continuously rotating wheel of plan-to-do-check-action (PDCA) used to show the need for interaction among market research, design, production, and sales to improve quality. Also see: Plan-Do-Check-Action.

Demographic Segmentation
In marketing, dividing potential markets by characteristics of potential customers, such as age, sex, income, and education.

Demurrage
The carrier charges and fees applied when rail freight cars and ships are retained beyond a specified loading or unloading time. Also see: Detention, Express.

DEN

(see HSE)

Denied Party List
A list of organizations that are unauthorized to submit a bid for an activity or to receive a specific product. For example, some countries have bans for certain products such as weapons or sensitive technology.

Denied Party Listing (DPL)
A list of organizations that is unauthorized to submit a bid for an activity or to receive a specific product. For example, some countries have bans on certain products like weapons or sensitive technology.

Density
A physical characteristic measuring a commodity's mass per unit volume or pounds per cubic foot; an important factor in ratemaking, since density affects the utilization of a carrier's vehicle.

Density rate
A rate based upon the density and shipment weight.

DEQ

Delivered ex-Quay

DEQ
see Delivered Ex Quay

Deregulation
Revisions or complete elimination of economic regulations controlling transportation. The Motor Carrier Act of 1980 and the Staggers Act of 1980 revised the economic controls over motor carriers and railroads, and the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 eliminated economic controls over air carriers.

Derived demand
The demand for a product's transportation is derived from the product's demand at some location.

DES

Delivered Ex-Ship

DES
see Delivered Ex Ship

DESADV

EDIFACT Dispatch advice message

Descriptive and/or Technical Literature
Informative product information. Designs, pictures, charts, illustrations, descriptions and technical parameters as would be necessary to evaluate the bid specification requirements.

Design For Manufacture / Assembly
A product design methodology that provides a quantitative evaluation of product designs.

Design for Manufacture/Assembly (DFMA)
A product design methodology that provides a quantitative evaluation of product designs.

Design of Experiments
A branch of applied statistics dealing with planning, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting controlled tests to evaluate the factors that control the value of a parameter or group of parameters

Design of Experiments (DOE)
A branch of applied statistics dealing with planning, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting controlled tests to evaluate the factors that control the value of a parameter or group of parameters.

Design Specification
A generic specification which would describe a particular configuration. A method of testing or inspection may be included.

Design-to-Order
syn: Engineer-to-Order (ETO)

Design-to-Order
Syn: Engineer-to-Order

DESTIM

EDIFACT Equipment damage and repair estimate message

Destination
The location designated as a receipt point for goods/shipment.

Destination-Enhanced Consolidation
Ganging of smaller shipments to cut cost, often as directed by a system or via pooling with a third party.

Detention
The carrier charges and fees applied when rail freight cars and ships are retained beyond a specified loading or unloading time. Also see: Demurrage, Express.

Deterministic Models
Models where no uncertainty is included, e.g., inventory models without safety stock considerations.

Devanning
The unloading of cargo from a container or other piece of equipment. See Stripping.

DFMA
See Design for Manufacture/Assembly.

DFZ
See Duty Free Zone

DGI
see Defective goods inventory

DGRECA

EDIFACT Dangerous goods recapitulation message

DHDATSBE

Dispatch Half Demurrage on All Time Saved Both Ends

DHDWTSBE

Dispatch Half Demurrage on Working TIme Saved Both Ends

Dial Up
Access a network by dialing a phone number or initiating a computer to dial the number. The dial-up line connects to the network access point via a node or a PAD.

Differential
A discount offered by a carrier that faces a service time disadvantage over a route.

Digital Signature
Electronically generated, digitized (as opposed to graphically created) authorization that is uniquely linkable and traceable to an empowered officer.

Dimensional Weight
A calculated weight based on a minimum density requirement. Length x width x height divided by 194 for domestic shipment, or divided by 166 for international shipments.

DIRDEB

EDIFACT Direct debit message

DIRDEF

EDIFACT Directory definition message

Direct Channel
This is when your own sales force sells to the customer. Your company may ship to the customer, or a third party may handle shipment, but in either case, your company owns the sales contract and retains rights to the receivable from the customer. Your end customer may be a retail outlet. The movement to the customer may be direct from the factory, or the product may move through a distribution network owned by your company. Order information in this channel may be transmitted by electronic means.

Direct Cost
A cost that can be directly traced to a cost object since a direct or repeatable cause-and-effect relationship exists. A direct cost uses a direct assignment or cost causal relationship to transfer costs. Also see: Indirect Cost, Tracing

Direct Delivery
As more customers are buying through the web or finding other ways - such as mail order or catalogues - of buying directly from manufacturers or earlier tiers of the supply chain. This ‘disintermediation’ has the benefits of reducing lead-times, reducing costs to customers, having manufacturers talking directly to their final customers, allowing customers access to a wider range of products, and so on.

Direct Product Profitability
Calculation of the net profit contribution attributable to a specific product or product line.

Direct Product Profitability (DPP)
Calculation of the net profit contribution attributable to a specific product or product line.

Direct Production Material
Material that is used in the manufacturing/content of a product. (Example: purchased parts, solder, SMT glues, adhesives, mechanical parts, bill-of-materials parts, etc.)

Direct Retail Locations
A retail location that purchases products directly from your organization or responding entity.

Direct Store Delivery
Process of shipping direct from a manufacturer’s plant or distribution center to the customer’s retail store, thus bypassing the customer’s distribution center. Also called Direct-to-Store Delivery

Direct Store Delivery (DSD)
Process of shipping direct from a manufacturer's plant or distribution center to the customer's retail store, thus bypassing the customer's distribution center. Also called Direct-to-Store Delivery.

Direct Transmission
A transmission whereby data is exchanged directly between sender and receiver computers, without an intervening third-party service. Also called a point-to-point transmission.

Direct-to-Store (DTS) Delivery
Same as Direct Store Delivery.

Directed tasks
Tasks that can be completed based upon detailed information provided by the computer system. An order picking task where the computer details the specific item, location, and quantity to pick is an example of a directed task. If the computer could not specify the location and quantity forcing the worker to choose locations or change quantities, it would not be a directed task. Directed tasks set up the opportunity for confirmation transactions.

DISA
See Data Interchange Standards Association

Disaster Recovery Planning
Contingency planning specifically related to recovering hardware and software (e.g., data centers, application software, operations, personnel, telecommunications) in information system outages.

DISCH

Discharge

Discharge Port
The name of the port where the cargo is unloaded from the export vessel. This is the port reported to the U.S. Census on the Shipper's Export Declaration, Schedule K, which is used by U.S. companies when exporting. This can also be considered the first discharge port.

Discontinuous Demand
A demand pattern that is characterized by large demands interrupted by periods with no demand, as opposed to a continuous or steady (e.g., daily) demand. Synonym: Lumpy Demand.

Discount Schedule
A price listing based upon quantity selections of items. Savings realized by increased volumes.

Discrete Available-to-Promise
A calculation based on the available-to-promise figure in the master schedule. For the first period, the ATP is the sum of the beginning inventory plus the MPS quantity minus backlog for all periods until the item is master scheduled again. For all other periods, if a quantity has been scheduled for that time period then the ATP is this quantity minus all customer commitments for this and other periods, until another quantity is scheduled in the MPS. For those periods where the quantity scheduled is zero, the ATP is zero (even if deliveries have been promised). The promised customer commitments are accumulated and shown in the period where the item was most recently scheduled. Also see: Available-to- Promise

Discrete Manufacturing
Discrete manufacturing processes create products by assembling unconnected distinct parts as in the production of distinct items such as automobiles, appliances, or computers.

Discrete Order Picking
A method of picking orders in which the items on one order are picked before the next order is picked. Also see: Batch Picking, Order Picking, Zone Picking

Discrete Order Quantity
An order quantity that represents an integer number of periods of demand. Most MRP systems employ discrete order quantities. Also see: Fixed-period Requirements, Least Total Cost, Least Unit Cost, Lot-for-Lot, Part Period Balancing, Period Order Quantity, Wagner-Whitin Algorithm

Disintermediation
When the traditional sales channels are disassembled and the middleman gets cut out of the deal. Such as where the manufacturer ships direct to a retailer, bypassing the distributor.

Dispatching
The carrier activities involved with controlling equipment; involves arranging for fuel, drivers, crews, equipment, and terminal space.

Disposition (Surplus Property)
The disposal of goods and inventory that are in excess or longer required. Methods of transferring, trading in or selling such items are commonly used.

Distributed Inventory
Inventory that is geographically dispersed. For example, where a company maintains inventory in multiple distribution centers to provide a higher level of customer service.

Distribution
Outbound logistics, from the end of the production line to the end user.
  1. The activities associated with the movement of material, usually finished goods or service parts, from the manufacturer to the customer. These activities encompass the functions of transportation, warehousing, inventory control, material handling, order administration, site and location analysis, industrial packaging, data processing, and the communications network necessary for effective management. It includes all activities related to physical distribution, as well as the return of goods to the manufacturer. In many cases, this movement is made through one or more levels of fieldwarehouses.Synonym: Physical Distribution.
  2. The systematic division of a whole into discrete parts having distinctive characteristics.

Distribution Center
The warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufacturing pending distribution to the appropriate stores.

Distribution Center (DC)
The warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufacturing pending distribution to the appropriate stores.

Distribution Channel
One or more companies or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services from the manufacturer to the final user or consumer.

Distribution Channel Management
The organizational and pipeline strategy for getting products to customers. Direct channels involve company sales forces, facilities, and/or direct shipments to customers; indirect channels involve the use of wholesalers, distributors, and/or other parties to supply the products to customers. Many companies use both strategies, depending on markets and effectiveness.

Distribution On Demand
The order fulfillment state a distribution operation achieves when it can respond, closest to real time, to changes in demand while shipping 100 percent customer compliant orders at the least cost.

Distribution Planning
The planning activities associated with transportation, warehousing, inventory levels, materials handling, order administration, site and location planning, industrial packaging, data processing, and communications networks to support distribution.

Distribution Requirements Planning
A system of determining demands for inventory at distribution centers and consolidating demand information in reverse as input to the production and materials system.

Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP)
A system of determining demands for inventory at distribution centers and consolidating demand information in reverse as input to the production and materials system.

Distribution Resource Planning
The extension of distribution requirements planning into the planning of the key resources contained in a distribution system: warehouse space, workforce, money, trucks, freight cars, etc.

Distribution Resource Planning (DRP II)
The extension of distribution requirements planning into the planning of the key resources contained in a distribution system: warehouse space, workforce, money, trucks, freight cars, etc.

Distribution Warehouse
A finished goods warehouse from which a company assembles customer orders.

Distributor
A business that does not manufacture its own products, but purchases and resells these products. Such a business usually maintains a finished goods inventory. Synonym: Wholesaler.

DIT
Destination Interchange Terminal. Facility operated by the ocean carrier or his agent at which containers are interchanged with the delivering motor carrier.

Diversion
The process of changing the destination and/or the consignee while the shipment is enroute.

Diversion Charge
Fee for diverting cargo from original intended destination port to a new location.

DK

Deck

DMRDEF

EDIFACT Data maintenance request definition message

DMSTAT

EDIFACT Data maintenance status report/query message

DNRCAOSLONL

Discountless and Non-Returnable Cargo and/or Ship Lost or Not Lost

DOA
See Dead on Arrival.

DOCADV

EDIFACT Documentary credit advice message

DOCAMA

EDIFACT Advice of an amendment of a documentary credit message

DOCAMI

EDIFACT Documentary credit amendment information message

DOCAMR

EDIFACT Request for an amendment of a documentary credit message

DOCAPP

EDIFACT Documentary credit application message

DOCARE

EDIFACT Response to an amendment of a documentary credit message

DOCINF

EDIFACT Documentary credit issuance information message

Dock
The loading or unloading platform at an industrial location or carrier terminal.

Dock Leveller
A hinged bridge between the dock surface and different load bed heights of vehicles. Levellers automatically adjust to different vehicle heights and the rise of vehicle springs as it is unloaded.

Dock Receipt
A document used to accept materials or equipment at an ocean pier or accepted location. Provides the ocean carrier with verification of receipt and the delivering carrier with proof of delivery.

Dock-to-Stock
A program by which specific quality and packaging requirements are met before the product is released. Prequalified product is shipped directly into the customer’s inventory. Dock-to-stock eliminates the costly handling of components, specifically in receiving and inspection and enables product to move directly into production.

Document
In EDI, a form, such as an invoice or purchase order, that trading partners have agreed to exchange and that the EDI software handles within its compliance-checking logic.

Documentation
The papers attached or pertaining to goods requiring transportation and/or transfer of ownership.

DOD
see Distribution On Demand

DOE
See Design of Experiments.

Dolly
A piece of equipment with two or four wheels that can be used to move heavy containers, pallets or freight.

Domain
A computer term for the following:(1) Highest subdivision of the Internet, for the most part by country (except in the U.S., where it’s by type of organization, such as educational, commercial, and government). Usually the last part of a host name, for example, the domain part of ibm.com is .com, which represents the domain of commercial sites in the U.S.(2) In corporate data networks, a group of client computers controlled by a server system.

Domestic Trunk Line Carrier
A classification for air carriers that operate between major population centers. These carriers are now classified as major carriers.

Door to Door:
The through-transport of goods from consignor to consignee.

Door to Port
The through transport service from consignor to port of importation.

Door-to-Door
Shipment placed in a container at origin residence and delivered in the same container to a destinations residence.

Door-to-Port
Shipment placed in a container at origin residence and delivered in the same container to the port of entry in the destinations country.

DOP

Dropping Outward Pilot

Dormant route
A route over which a carrier failed to provide service 5 days a week for 13 weeks out of a 26-week period.

DOT

Department of Transportation

Double Bottoms
A motor carrier operation that involves one tractor pulling two trailers.

Double Order Point System
A distribution inventory management system that has two order points. The smallest equals the original order point, which covers demand during replenishment lead time. The second order point is the sum of the first order point plus normal usage during manufacturing lead time. It enables warehouses to forewarn manufacturing of future replenishment orders.

Double stack
Two containers, one on top of the other, loaded on a railroad flatcar, an intermodal service.

Double Stack Car
Rail car capable of carrying two containers stacked on top of each other.

Double-Pallet Jack
A mechanized device for transporting two standard pallets simultaneously.

Doubles
Double trucks are two 28-foot trailers that are pulled by one tractor. Doubles also are known as 'double bottoms.'

Download
To merge temporary files containing a day's or week's worth of information with the main data base in order to update it.

Downstream
One or more companies or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services moving from the manufacturer to the final user or consumer.

Downtime
Is a period of time when a customer does not have access to equipment, data or assets during a relocation event.

DPC
see Dynamic Process Control

DPL
See Denied Party List.

DPP

Damage Protection Plan

DPP
see Direct Product Profitability

DPS
see Dynamic Planning and Scheduling

Draft
Marine: The depth to which a vessel’s deepest point is under water. Rail: A cut of coupled cars. Financial: A signed, written order by one party that instructs another party to pay a third party a specific amount. It can also be called a bill of exchange.

Drawback
See Duty Drawback

Drayage
The service offered by a motor carrier for pick-up and delivery of ocean containers or rail containers. Drayage agents usually handle full-load containers for ocean and rail carriers.

Drayage Firms
Motor carriers that provide local pickup and delivery of trailers and containers (on chassis)

Drive-In Rack
A structural framework open at the front and blocked at the back by cross bracing. The shelves consist of rails connected to the uprights. Warehousing units may be placed two or more rows deep by entering the rack from the front and driving the fork lift truck between the rails. Careful consideration should be given unit clearance requirements, both vertical and horizontal.

Drive-Through Rack
Similar to drive-in rack except that the cross bracing is distributed across the top of the rack structure, thus permitting the fork lift truck to drive through the rack structure from one side to the other.

Driving Time Regulations
U.S. Department of Transportation rules that limit the maximum time a driver may drive in interstate commerce; the rules prescribe both daily and weekly maximums.

DRK

Derrick

Drop
A situation in which an equipment operator deposits a trailer or boxcar at a facility at which it is to be loaded or unloaded.

Drop Ship
To take the title of the products but not actually handle, stock, or deliver it, e.g., to have one supplier ship directly to another or to have a supplier ship directly to the buyer's customer.

DRP
See Distribution Requirements Planning.

DRP

Distribution Resources Planning

DRP II
See Distribution Resource Planning

DRP-II
see Distribution Resource Planning

DRPII
See Distribution Resources Planning

Drum-Buffer-Rope
In the theory of constraints, the generalized process used to manage resources to maximize throughput. The drum is the rate or pace of production set by the system’s constraint. The buffers establish the protection against uncertainty so that the system can maximize throughput. The rope is a communication process from the constraint to the gating operation that checks or limits material released into the system to support the constraint. Also see: Finite Scheduling,

Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR)
In the theory of constraints, the generalized process used to manage resources to maximize throughput. The drum is the rate or pace of production set by the system's constraint. The buffers establish the protection against uncertainty so that the system can maximize throughput. The rope is a communication process from the constraint to the gating operation that checks or limits material released into the system to support the constraint.

Dry Dock
Used to lay up vessels for repair.

DSD
See Direct Store Delivery.

DSO
see Days Sales Outstanding

DSO
See Desig-to-Oorder

DSO
See Design-to-Order

DSS
See Decision Support System.

DTD
see Door-to-Door

DTF
see Demand Time Fence

DTP
see Door to Port

DTS
See Direct-to-Store Delivery.

Dual Operation
A motor carrier that has both common and contract carrier operating authority.

Dual rate system
An international water carrier pricing system in which a shipper signing an exclusive use agreement with the conference pays a rate 10 to 15 percent lower than non-signing shippers do for an identical shipment.

Dumping
When a product is sold below cost in a foreign market and/or when a product is sold at a lower price in the foreign market than in a domestic market, with the intention of driving out competition in the foreign market.

Dunnage
The packing material used to protect a product from damage during transport.

DUNS
Data Universal Numbering System.

DUNS Number
A coded, numerical representation assigned to a specific company (USA) .

Durable Goods
Generally, any goods whose continuous serviceability is likely to exceed three years (e.g., trucks, furniture).

Duty
A tax imposed by a government on merchandise imported from another country.

Duty Drawback
A refund of duty paid on imported merchandise when it is exported later, whether in the same or a different form.

Duty Free Zone
Areas where goods or cargo can be stored without have to pay import customs duties while awaiting manufacturing or future transport.

Duty Free Zone (DFZ)
An area where goods or cargo can be stored without paying import customs duties while awaiting manufacturing or future transport.

Duty rate
The incremental cost required to import a part into a country.

DW

Distilled Water or Drill Water.

DWAT

Deadweight

DWCT

Deadweight Cargo Tons or the weight of to be transported under a charter party

DWT

Deadweight tons.

DX.90

Format for digital cartographic data

Dynamic Lot Sizing
Any lot-sizing technique that creates an order quantity subject to continuous recomputation. See: Least total cost, Least unit cost, Part period balancing, Period order quantity, Wagner-Whitin algorithm.

Dynamic Planning and Scheduling
Systems designed to provide rapid planning and scheduling information for manufacturers and distributors of short shelf life and fast turnover products. Manufacturers are typically faced with problems of decreasing lead times, smaller batch sizes, increasing product variety and little opportunity to manufacture to stock. DPS systems handle real world production and supply chain resources.

Dynamic Process Control
Continuous monitoring of process performance and adjustment of control parameters to optimize process output

Dynamic Process Control (DPC)
Continuous monitoring of process performance and adjustment of control parameters to optimize process output.